Minggu, 08 Juni 2014

A Bibliography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology






Barahona Fuentes, C., and E. Arnó Macià. English for Academic Purposes: Learning English through the Web. Barcelona: Ediciones UPC, 2001.
Bazerman, Charles, and David R. Russell, eds. Landmark Essays on Writing Across the Curriculum. (Landmark Essays Series 6). London: Erlbaum-Hermagoras Press, 1994.
Dijk, Teun van. "Academic Discourse." In van Dijk, Elite Discourse and Racism. London: Sage, 1993. 158-96.
_____. "Academic Discourse." In Critical Discourse Analysis: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Ed. Michael Toolan. London: Routledge, 2002. 2.200-36.*
García Landa, José Ángel. "La Academia y los blogs." In García Landa, Vanity Fea 7 August 2007.
          2007
_____. "Unkörperlichen Vervielfältigung, Verbreitung und Zugänglichmachung." In García Landa, Vanity Fea 24 Nov. 2007.
          2007
_____. "Contabilizando publicaciones." In García Landa, Vanity Fea  8 Sept. 2008.
          2008
Hewings, Ann, and Martin Hewings. "Approaches to the Study of Interdisciplinary Variation in Academic Writing: Implications for Syllabus Design." In Innovation in English Language Teaching: A Reader. Ed. David R. Hall and Ann Hewings. London and New York: Routledge / The Open U / Macquarie U, 2001. 71-83.*
Hyland, Ken. English for Academic Purposes: An Advanced Resource Book. London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
Martín Martín, Pedro A. "The Use of Hedging Devices in English and Spanish Academic Discourse." In Actas del 25º Congreso AEDEAN, Granada 2001. CD-ROM. Granada: U de Granada: Departamento de Filología Inglesa, 2002.*
_____. "The Pragmatic Strategy of Hedging in Academic Writing." VIAL: Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics  0 (2003): 57-72.*
Mendis, Dushyanthi. "Bathtubs, Blackholes and Kitchen Sinks: Metaphor in Academic Speech." Ph.D. diss. U of Michigan, 2004.
Pérez-Llantada Auría, M. Carmen. "An Overview of Genre Analytical Studies in English for Academic Purposes: An Interview with John M. Swales." Ibérica 8 (2004): 139-48.
_____. "Communication Skills in Academic Monologic Discourse: Empirical and Applied Perspectives." Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación (2003).
_____. "Genre-Based Pragmatic Variability of Interactive Features in Academic Speech." In Corpus Linguistics: Applications for the Study of English. Ed. Ana Hornero, María J. Luzón and Silvia Murillo. Bern: Peter Lang, forthcoming 2006.
Russell, Jacob Hale. "A Million Little Writers." 02138 (Nov.-Dec- 2007). (On academic ghost writers).
          2007
Swales, John M. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. (Cambridge Applied Linguistics). Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990. 1996.* (Genres, tasks, schemata, academic genres, articles, abstracts, research presentations, grant proposals, theses, reprint requests, exhibits, titles, course descriptions).
University Publishing in a Digital Age: The Ithaka Report
          2007
Van de Poel, Kris, and Tineke Brunfaut. "Bridging the Gap between Staff Expectations and Student Interpretations of Academic Writing—The Case of Scribende." BELL ns 2 (2004).


Blogs

El blog de los libros universitarios (Unión de Editoriales Universitarias Españolas).
          2007






Abstracts. See Intertextuality. Paratextuality. Abstracts.




Academic Defenses

López López, M. "El discurso de defensa de una tesis: reglas del género." Analecta Malacitana 13.1 (1990): 155-64.*




Collective Publications
Conference proceedings, Essay collections, Miscellanies, etc.

Beaugrande, Robert de. "Consultations, Conferences, and Proceedings: Their Role as Discourse Transactions." Electronic edition:
          2004-04-25


Internet resources

CFP. U of Pennsylvania information on conferences and publications. http://www.english.upenn.edu/CFP  (Spring 1996).







Concordances

General

Sinclair, John. Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1991.



Miscellaneous

Esteban Segura, Laura, Teresa Marqués Aguado, and Nadia Obegi Gallardo. "The Old English Concordancer Applied to the West-Saxon Gospels." In Proceedings of the 29th AEDEAN Conference: Universidad de Jaén 15 al 20 diciembre 2005. CD-ROM. Ed. Alejandro Alcaraz Sintes et al. Jaén: AEDEAN / Servicio de Publicaciones U de Jaén, 2006. 473-79.*
O'Donnell, Matthew Brook. "KWICgrouper—Designing a Tool for Corpus-driven Concordance Analysis." In Software-aided Analysis of Language. Ed. Mike Scott et al. Monograph issue of IJES  8.1 (2008): 107-21.* (Concordancing, software design).





Internet resources

Web Concordance, Dundee U. Includes: Shelley, Selected Poems; Coleridge, The Ancient Mariner; Keats, The Ods of 1819; Wordsworth and Coleridge, Lyrical Ballads; Blake, Songs of Innocence, Songs of Experience; Hopkins, Poems, 1918).

Software

ConcApp. Shareware concordancer for Windows 3.1 and Windows 95.
          1999
Conc 1.76 Macintosh concordancer.
Free Text. Macintosh concordancer.
Wconcord. Shareware Windows concordancer.
1999




Course descriptions


Swales, John M. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. (Cambridge Applied Linguistics). Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990. 1996.* (Genres, tasks, schemata, academic genres, articles, abstracts, research presentations, grant proposals, theses, reprint requests, exhibits, titles, course descriptions).




Coursebooks


Rieser, Hannes. Textgrammatik, Schulbuchanalyse, Lexicon, Hamburg: Buske, 1977.

Series

 (Colección Materiales Didácticos,  114). Palma de Mallorca: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universitat de las Illes Balears, 2005.





Curricular projects

Hernández Hernández, Pedro. "El proyecto docente del profesor universitario." In Diseñar y enseñar: Teoría y técnicas de la programación y del proyecto docente. By Pedro Hernández et al. Madrid: Narcea/ICE de la Universidad de La Laguna, 1989. 301-26.*


See also Curricular design; Curriculum design (for second language teaching).






Dissertations/Ph.D. Theses

Bowen, William G., and Neil Rudenstine. In Pursuit of the Ph.D. Princeton (NJ): Princeton UP, 1992.
Boyd, Jane, and Don Etherington. Archival Copies of Theses and Dissertations. Chicago and London: American Library Association, 1986.
Brause, Rita S. Writing Your Doctoral Dissertation: Invisible Rules for Success. London: RoutledgeFalmer, 1999.
Derrida, Jacques. "The Time of a Thesis." In Philosophy in France Today. Ed. Alan Montefiore. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1982.
López López, M. "El discurso de defensa de una tesis: reglas del género." Analecta Malacitana 13.1 (1990): 155-64.*
Swales, John M. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. (Cambridge Applied Linguistics). Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990. 1996.* (Genres, tasks, schemata, academic genres, articles, abstracts, research presentations, grant proposals, theses, reprint requests, exhibits, titles, course descriptions).
Watson, George. Writing a Thesis: A Guide to Long Essays and Dissertations. London: Longman, 1987.*


Bibliography

Dissertation Abstracts. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms, 1861- . (Title and subtitle varies. Monthly compilation of abstracts of doctoral dissertations submitted by approximately 400 cooperating universities. Most U.S. universities are covered as well as many in the U.K. and elsewhere. The main list is arranged alphabetically by subject field, then by university. Each issue includes subject and author indexes which cumulate in issue 12. There are separate volumes for (A) the humanities and social sciences and (B) the sciences and engineering. Available online. Dissertations are available on order from UMI in either hardcopy or microfilm).
Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards. London: Aslib, 1986- .  http://www.theses.com]




Blogs

Lesbiana haciendo la tesis. (lizzybennett, Zaragoza)
          2006-07-31





Internet resources

Electronic Theses and Dissertations in the Humanities: A Directory. By Matthew G. Kirschenbaum.
          2005-06-20

Ibercampus.es (Tesis doctorales)
          2009

Spanish theses (Base de datos Teseo)
          2004-12-17

Tesis doctorales en Red. (CESCA)
          http://www.tdr.cesca.es/
          2008

White Rose site (eTheses Online - Universities of York, Leeds and Sheffield).
2009


Journals


Dissertation Abstracts 26 (1965-66).
Dissertation Abstracts International 35 (1974-75).



Literature

Sender, Ramón J.  La tesis de Nancy. Novel.



Series

(Colección Tesis Doctorales). Madrid: Editorial Universidad Complutense, c. 1992.

(Dissertations in Linguistics). Stanford (CA): Stanford UP, 2000.

(Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics). London: Routledge, 2001.

(Tesis Doctorales). Zaragoza :  Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, c. 1991.


Related works


PHD: Piled Higher and Deeper: A Grad Student Comic Strip
          http://www.phdcomics.com/
          2008




Electronic genres, literacy and publication


García Landa, José Ángel. "El obsceno blog." In García Landa, Vanity Fea 27 May 2006.
          2006-05-31
_____. "El académico que llevamos dentro." In García Landa, Vanity Fea 16 Sept. 2006. (Research blogs).
          2006-09-29
Halavais, Alexander. "Scholarly Blogging: Moving toward the Visible College." In Uses of Blogs. Ed. Axel Bruns and Joanne Jacobs. New York: Peter Lang, 2006. 117-26.*
Lara, Tíscar. "La utilidad de un blog académico." In tíscar.com 14 Sept. 2006.
          2006-09-14
Lingerfelt, Austin ."The (Classroom) Blog: A Moment for Literacy, A Moment for Giving Pause."
          22 Dec. 2004.
Lowe, Charles, and Terra Williams. "Moving to the Public: Weblogs in the Writing Classroom." In Into the Blogosphere: Rhetoric, Community and Culture of Weblogs.
          16 Dec. 2004.
Walker, Jill. "Blogging from Inside the Ivory Tower." In Uses of Blogs. Ed. Axel Bruns and Joanne Jacobs. New York: Peter Lang, 2006. 127-38.*


Bibliographies

Bailey, Charles W., Jr. Scholarly Electronic Publishing Bibliography.
          2005-09-27








Examinations

Amengual Pizarro, Marian. "Rater Discrepancy in the Spanish University Entrance Examination." Journal of English Studies 4 (2003-2004): 23-36.*
Bateson, F. W. "Examination versus Education." In Bateson, Essays in Critical Dissent. London: Longman, 1972. 217-20.*
_____. "Finals Results: Tutors' Expectations." In Bateson, Essays in Critical Dissent. London: Longman, 1972. 209-16.*
_____. "The Fallibility of Finals." In Bateson, Essays in Critical Dissent. London: Longman, 1972. 201-8.*
Baudelot, Christian. "Student Rhetoric in Exams." In Academic Discourse. By Pierre Bourdieu, Jean-Claude Passeron, Monique de Saint Martin et al. Trans. Richard Teese. Oxford: Polity, 1994. 80-94.*
Beaugrande, Robert de. "External is Not Eternal: On the Logic of External Examiners." Electronic edition:
          2004-04-25
_____. "Grades, Grade Averages, Grade Curves, Grade Inflation: Examining the Logic of Educational Justice." Electronic edition:
          2004-04-25
García Landa, José Ángel. "Zeitgeist." In García Landa, Vanity Fea 1 March 2007. (Examinations, degrees).
          2007-04-01
Joint Matriculation Board. Examiners' Reports. Vol. 1. Arts and Social Sciences. 1974.
Leeds, Bruce. How to Write the TOEFL Test of Written English and the Graduate School Application Essay. (Lincom Language Textbooks 2). Munich: Lincom Europa, c. 2002.
Mehan, Hugh. "Oracular Reasoning in a Psychiatric Exam." In The Discourse Reader. Ed. Adam Jaworski and Nikolas Coupland. London: Routledge, 1999. 559-75.*
Perry, William G., Jr. "Exammanship and the Liberal Arts: A Study in Educational Epistemology." From Examining in Harvard College: A Collection of Essays. 1964. In The Norton Reader. 8th ed. New York: Norton, 1992. 184-95.*
White, Edward M. "Assessment in American Colleges and Universities." Anglistik 6.2 (Sept. 1995): 118-28.


Literature

Kafka, Franz. [El examen] In Kafka, Cuentos completos (Textos originales). Introd. and trans. José Rafael Hernández Arias. Madrid: Valdemar, 2003. 504-5.*


See also Evaluation (in education); Testing language; Testing English.





Exhibits


Swales, John M. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. (Cambridge Applied Linguistics). Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990. 1996.* (Genres, tasks, schemata, academic genres, articles, abstracts, research presentations, grant proposals, theses, reprint requests, exhibits, titles, course descriptions).




Grant proposals



Swales, John M. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. (Cambridge Applied Linguistics). Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990. 1996.* (Genres, tasks, schemata, academic genres, articles, abstracts, research presentations, grant proposals, theses, reprint requests, exhibits, titles, course descriptions).



Handbooks

Barthes, Roland. "Réflexions sur un manuel." In L'Enseignement de la littérature. Ed. Serge Doubrovsky and Tzvetan Todorov. (Colloque de Cerisy, 22-29 July 1969). Paris: Plon, 1971.


Internet resources

SparkNotes (Barnes and Noble)
2004-12-05





Series


(Basics series). London: Routledge, c. 2000.

(Biblioteca Universitaria). Madrid: Gredos, 1973.

(Clefs, 1). Paris: Seghers, c. 1968.

(Concise Companions to Literature and Culture). Oxford: Blackwell, c. 2004.

(de Gruyter Studienbuch). Berlin: de Gruyter, c. 2009.

(Edaf Universitaria, 16). Madrid: EDAF, 1996.*

(Filología y Lingüística; El libro universitario, 067). Madrid: Alianza, 2001.*

(Key Concepts). London: Routledge, 2000.

(Materials docents, 9). Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona Publicacions.

(Manuales). Madrid: Gredos, c. 1995.*

(Manuales universitarios). Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, c. 1980.*

(Oxford Companions). Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002.

(Que sais-je?). Paris: PUF, c. 1984.

(Very Short Introductions). Oxford: Oxford UP, c. 2004.











Lectures / Academic speech

Fortanet Gómez, Inmaculada. "Enhancing the Speaker-Audience Relationship in Academic Lectures." In Current Trends in Intercultural, Cognitive and Social Pragmatics. Ed. Pilar Garcés et al. Sevilla: Research Group "Intercultural Pragmatic Studies", Universidad de Sevilla, 2004. 83-96.*
Fortanet Gómez, Inmaculada, Juan Carlos Palmer Silveira and Miguel F. Ruiz Garrido. "Interaction through Shared Knowledge in American, British and Spanish Business Lectures." In Studies in Intercultural, Cognitive and Social Pragmatics. Ed. Pilar Garcés-Conejos et al. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007.
Palmer Silveira, Juan Carlos. "Delivery Strategies in Classroom Lectures: Organising the Message." In Current Trends in Intercultural, Cognitive and Social Pragmatics. Ed. Pilar Garcés et al. Sevilla: Research Group "Intercultural Pragmatic Studies", Universidad de Sevilla, 2004. 97-114.*
Goffman, Erving. "The Lecture." In Goffman, Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania Press, 1981. 160-96.*
Neumann, C. Peter, and Carmen Pérez-Llantada Auría. "Exploring Speaker Stance: Dialogic Structures in Academic Spoken Discourse." Abstract. In Actas XXVIII Congreso Internacional / International Conference AEDEAN. CD-ROM. Valencia: U de València, 2005.*
Pérez-Llantada Auría, Carmen. "Communication Skills in Academic Monologic Discourse." Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación.
_____. "Signaling Speaker's Intentions in University Lectures. Towards a Phraseology of Textual Metadiscourse in Academic Speech." In English as a GloCalization Phenomenon: Observations from a Linguistic Microcosm. Ed. Carmen Pérez Llantada and Gibson R. Ferguson. Valencia: Prensas Universitarias de Valencia, forthcoming 2006.
Plo, Ramón, John Swales, and Sheryl Leicher. "Introducing a Speaker." In MICASE Corpus: Pedagogical Forays. http://www.1sa.umich.edu/eli/micase/
Vázquez Orta, Ignacio. "Nominalization in Academic Lectures: A Corpus-Based Approach." In English as a GloCalization Phenomenon: Observations from a Linguistic Microcosm. Ed. Carmen Pérez-Llantada and Gibson R. Ferguson. Valencia: Prensas Universitarias de Valencia, forthcoming 2006.


See also Classroom interaction; Discourses.




Lecture notes

García Landa, José Ángel. "Los preciados apuntes." In García Landa, Vanity Fea 15 May 2007.
          2007-05-31
_____. "Los preciados apuntes." In Fírgoa: Universidade Pública 15 May 2007.
          2007-06-20




Monographs and treatises



Internet resources

Monografías.com
          http://www.monografias.com/
          2006-03-11




Series

(Blackwell Companions to Literature and Culture). Oxford: Blackwell, c. 2003.

(Alianza Universidad; 252). Madrid: Alianza, c. 1979.

(Monografías). Alicante: Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alicante, c.

(Nueva Colección Labor, 35). Barcelona: Labor, 1967.*




Peer Reviewing


Beaugrande, Robert de. "Peer Review Is Far from Peerless." Electronic edition:
          2004-04-25
García Landa, José Ángel. "P2Peer Reviews." In García Landa, Vanity Fea 29 May 2007.
          2007-05-31
_____. "P2Peer Reviews." In Fírgoa: Universidade Pública 29 May 2007.
          2007-05-30
Jaschik, Scott. "The Black Box of Peer Review." Rev. of How Professors Think. By Michèle Lamont. Inside Higher Ed 4 March 2009. Online in Fírgoa: Universidade Pública 2 July 2009.*
          209
Lafuente, Antonio. "La crisis del peer review." In Lafuente, Tecnocidanos 4 Oct. 2006.
          2006-10-09
Lamont, Michèle. How Professors Think: Inside the Curious World of Academic Judgment. Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 2009.
Singh, Amardeep. "Idea for a Discussion: An Academic Blog Review." The Valve 28  March 2007.
          2008




Research presentations


Swales, John M. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. (Cambridge Applied Linguistics). Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990. 1996.* (Genres, tasks, schemata, academic genres, articles, abstracts, research presentations, grant proposals, theses, reprint requests, exhibits, titles, course descriptions).




Reprint requests


Swales, John M. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. (Cambridge Applied Linguistics). Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990. 1996.* (Genres, tasks, schemata, academic genres, articles, abstracts, research presentations, grant proposals, theses, reprint requests, exhibits, titles, course descriptions).




Slides


Internet resources

Slideshare.
          http://www.slideshare.net/
          2008


See also Software. Powerpoint.



Study guides


Balluerka Lasa, Nekane. Cómo mejorar el estudio y aprendizaje de textos de carácter científico. (Educación y Psicología). Servicio Editorial de la Universidad del País Vasco.
Barnes, Rob. Successful Study for Degrees. London: Routledge, 1992.
_____. Successful Study for Degrees. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1995.
Barrass, Robert. Study! A Guide to Effective Learning, Revision and Examination Techniques. 2nd ed. London: RoutledgeFalmer, 2002.
Carman, R. A., and W. R. Adams. Study Skills: A Student's Guide for Survival. New York: Wiley, 1972.
Casey, Francis. How to Study: A Practical Guide. 2nd ed. Houndmills: Macmillan, 1993.
Cottrell, Stella. The Study Skills Handbook. Houndmills: Macmillan, 1999.
Dunleavy, Patrick. University Study Skills: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences. Houndmills: Macmillan, 1999.
Marsh, Nicholas. How to Begin Studying English Literature. 2nd ed. (How to Study series). Houndmills: Macmillan, 1995.
Palmer, Richard. Brain Train: Studying for Success. 2nd ed. Spon Press, 1996.
Salas Parrilla, Miguel. Técnicas de estudio para enseñanzas medias y universidad. Madrid: Alianza.



Internet resources

Cliffs Notes
          http://www.cliffsnotes.com/
          2008

Cummings Study Guides. (Michael Cummings).
          2008

SparkNotes (Barnes and Noble)
2004-12-05





Term papers / Students' writing

"57 Tips for Writing Your Term Paper." DegreeTutor 8 Jan. 2007
          2007-02-11
Booth, Wayne C. "Boring from Within: The Art of the Freshman Essay." 1963 (rev.). In The Norton Reader. 8th ed. New York: Norton, 1992. 252-53.*
Breeze, Ruth. "Researching Simplicity and Sophistication in Student Writing." In Software-aided Analysis of Language. Ed. Mike Scott et al. Monograph issue of IJES  8.1 (2008): 51-66. (WordSmith, VocabProfile, L2 writing, lexical variation, lexical range, academic lexis).
Godó, Ágnes M. (Dpt. of English linguistics, Miskolc U, Hungary, agnesgodo@hotmail.com) "Cross-Cultural Aspects of Academic Writing: A Study of Hungarian and North American College Students L1 Argumentative Essays." In Academic Writing: The Role of Different Rhetorical Traditions. Ed. Rafael Monroy-Casas. Monograph issue of  IJES 8.2 (2008): 65-111.* (Rhetorical structure, nucleus, satellite, hierarchical text organisation, plausibility judgment, inductive/deductive argumentation, opposing/supporting argument, listing/alternating/elaborating argument structure).
Liu, Yichun, and Xiaoye You. "Negotiating into Academic Discourses: Taiwanese and U.S. College Students in Research Writing." In Academic Writing: The Role of Different Rhetorical Traditions. Ed. Rafael Monroy-Casas. Monograph issue of  IJES 8.2 (2008): 152-72.* (Academic writing, social sciences, students' negotiation, rhetorical traditions, metacognition, literature review).
Meyer, Elke. "Does One Let Students Rewrite Term Papers? A Student's View." European English Messenger 3.2 (1994): 23-24.
Rose, Jean. Writing for Mature Students. Houndmills: Macmillan, 2000.
Yang, Ling, and David Cahill. "The Rhetorical Organization of Chinese and American Students' Expository Essays: A Contrastive Rhetoric Study." In Academic Writing: The Role of Different Rhetorical Traditions. Ed. Rafael Monroy-Casas. Monograph issue of  IJES 8.2 (2008): 113-32.* (Contrastive rhetoric, rhetorical organization, linearity, circularity, Chinese rhetoric, similarity).



Internet resources

FratFiles: Thousands of Essays and Term Papers
          http://www.fratfiles.com/
          2008




See also Academic papers.



Textbooks

Mayans y Siscar, Gregorio. "Son necesarios libros de texto modernos en castellano" From Juicio. 1736. In El ensayo español, 2: El siglo XVIII. Ed. Francisco Sánchez Blanco. Barcelona: Crítica, 1998. 109-16.*
Nelkin, Dorothy. Science Textbook Controversies and the Politics of Equal Time. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press, 1977.


See also Coursebooks; Handbooks.



Rabu, 04 Juni 2014





A04-040                              TITLE: Innovative Gas Path Sealing Concepts for Improved Turbine Engine Performance

TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Air Platform, Ground/Sea Vehicles, Materials/Processes

ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PEO Soldier Warrior

OBJECTIVE:  Develop innovative gas path sealing concepts for improved turbine engine performance in both military and commercial engine applications.

DESCRIPTION:  The U.S. Army seeks innovative gas path sealing concepts that improve turbine engine performance at increased operating engine speeds, pressures, and temperatures on air/ground platforms that support missions such as reconnaissance, deployment, and combat.  Current 2003 Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Technology (IHPTET) Phase III goals for turboshaft/turboprop engines include a reductions in specific fuel consumption (SFC) of 40%, while reducing production and maintenance costs by 35% and an increase in the shaft horsepower-to-weight ratio of 120%. [Ref.1]  Also, the Versatile, Affordable, Advanced Turbine Engines (VAATE) program metrics are for a 3x to 5x improvement in the capability/cost index for turboshaft/turboprop engines. [Ref.2]   The emphasis of this solicitation topic is on high risk, breakthrough, revolutionary turbine engine gas path sealing technologies.  Studies have shown that advanced seals improve engine efficiency while decreasing acquisition costs, operating costs (i.e. fuel consumption), and overall engine maintenance. [Ref.3]

Improved engine performance enhances air/ground platform mobility at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels.  Probability of air/ground platform survival increases due to improved engine performance.  Durable, advanced seal technology improves the engine time on the air/ground platform extending maintenance intervals, improving readiness and allowing the vehicle to stay in operation for longer periods of time in the battlefield.  Finally, improved SFC reduces fuel cost and/or enhances mission length or allowable cargo weight.  These advanced seal characteristics improve all the Army FOCs   mentioned above.

PHASE I:  Demonstrate or determine the scientific, technical, and commercial merit and feasibility of the proposed innovative seal concept(s).  The proposer shall demonstrate analytically, or, preferably, via experiments the feasibility of the approach to meet IHPTET and VAATE program goals as described above.  The proposer shall submit a comprehensive plan for follow-on work to be performed under a Phase II program.  The proposer shall also submit plans for commercializing his/her concept(s) under a Phase III program.

PHASE II:  Design, build and test an innovative engine seal concept and conclusively quantify results towards IHPTET and VAATE program goals.  The minimum Phase II demonstrated sealing performance requirements are:
1.  Non-contacting operation
2.  75F air temperature (material capable to 1200F)
3.  1200 feet per second
4.  100 pounds per square inch
5.  flow factor less than 0.006 [Ref.4]

PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS
Military Application
Black Hawk UH-60 utility helicopter
Apache AH-64 attack helicopter
Chinook CH-47 cargo helicopter
Kiowa Warrior OH-58 observation/scout helicopter
Comanche RAH-66 reconnaissance/attack helicopter
M1 Abrams main battle tank
Army Future Combat System vehicles
Unmanned air and ground vehicles

Commercial Application
Commercial engines and auxiliary power units on passenger jetliners, helicopters, business aircraft and stationary turbine electrical power generators

REFERENCES:
1)  http://www.vtol.org/IHPTET.HTM
2)  http://www.pr.afrl.af.mil/divisions/prt/vaate/vaate.htm
3)  http://www.lerc.nasa.gov/WWW/TurbineSeal/E11109.pdf
4)  http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/TurbineSeal/TM-2002-2115892.pdf

---> KEYWORDS: seals, turbine engine, IHPTET, VAATE


A04-041                              TITLE: Multipurpose Reactive Materials

TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Materials/Processes, Weapons

ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PEO Soldier Warrior

OBJECTIVE: A new generation of intriguing materials have been studied for the past few years that represent a major technology breakthrough with important implications for the Army. These non-explosive materials, broadly referred to as “Reactive Materials” (RM) are discontinuous composites. The baseline material has centered around low density aluminum/Teflon (Al/PTFE). These materials, relative to classical explosive energetic materials, do not detonate and can actually be used as a structural material (they are considered a flammable solid). Warhead cases fabricated from RMs throw fragments which can ignite upon target impact and release enormous energy and cause catastrophic damage (unlike conventional metal war head fragments that only penetrate the target). It is desirable to develop the next generation RMs which will provide lethality enhancements for many applications. These include: multip-purpose reactive fragments for application against UAV’s and other aircraft, and advanced thermobaric warheads (with enhanced blast/impulse) for shoulder-fired weapons, deep penetrators and advanced shaped charges against hard targets with behind armor effects. In addition, it is also important to enhance the lethal radius of explosive warheads with thermobaric fuels as well as provide an RF component to the fireball so that a multifunction warhead can disable electrics, and installations beyond the high-pressure regions.

DESCRIPTION: It is also important that this program will develop new RMs with a range beneficial properties in order to address defeat of Chem/Bio targets in storage or in flight with the appropriate fireball properties including temperature, chemical activity and controlled peak pressure especially for targets in storage (high temperature to burn the agent, not detonate and spread the agent). The main objective of this SBIR is to advance the reactive materials technology in terms of new formulations and the processes to produce them and demonstrate their lethality effectiveness in multipurpose Army warheads. Emphasis should be placed in reactive materials, reactive composites alone and in combination with conventional explosives so that multifunctional performance is possible and transition into a hardware development program is feasible. Specific items of interest and desirable properties of multipurpose RMs include high reaction temperatures (~4,000K) large amounts of chemical energy (2-3) Kcal/g controlled reactivity by shock with a wide range of warhead applications in terms of blast impulse, behind armor effects, chem/agent defeat, as well as RF.

PHASE I: Analyze all promising NEW reactive material combinations with thermochemical code calculations and evaluate or rank in terms of their potential for warhead enhancement in the areas of Army interest as described above. Characterize the most promising candidates by key laboratory experiments in terms of significant properties which will govern the potential utility of each composition. Select those combinations, which play the widest multifunctional role.

PHASE II: Design, fabricate and test prototype-scale warhead devices or components such as reactive fragments, reactive fills, reactive liners and compositions addressing Chem/Bio defeat and RF generating fireballs. Evaluation tests will be conducted at the contractors’ facility as well as at an Army Research facility for direct comparison with baseline warhead materials and devices.

PHASE III: The developed technology wil be inserted/transitioned into several Army hardware programs for weapon development efforts. Private sector commercial potential: The proposed technology will have many commercial applications including oil exploration, commercial blasting, high temperature synthesis of new materials, etc.

REFERENCES:
1) “Advanced Energetics Technology Exchanges,” presentations by Industry and Government. Lawrence Livermore Laboratories, September 10-12, 2002: Over 50 referenced presentations.
2) “Advanced Energetics Working Group Meeting,” ARL - Aberdeen MD. September 22-25, 2003.

---> KEYWORDS: Reactive Materials, weapons, warheads, thermobarics, chemical agent defeat, biological agent defeat


A04-042                              TITLE: Blast Damage Analysis

TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Ground/Sea Vehicles, Materials/Processes

ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PM-MAS

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method/tool to characterize vehicle failure and/or residual vehicle capability as it relates to given structural damage that is caused by a blast environment. This new tool shall be capable of analyzing both existing and future vehicle technologies to the effects of blast damage produced by a conventional weapon.

DESCRIPTION: Future Army systems are becoming more lightweight and thus are becoming more susceptible to the blast and shock effects of conventional weapons. The thinner walled vehicles of advanced materials allow a greater transmission of energy to the internal components and are also more vulnerable to rupture due to the blast environment.

The Army has been utilizing computer aided design (CAD) modeling tools with complex survivability analysis tools, like MUVES S-2 (Modular Unixed-Based Vulnerability Estimation Suite) to determine the survivability of ground vehicles to conventional weapons effects for many years. The blast effects from these weapons have largely been ignored because the ground targets have been so robust. The Future Combat Systems (FCS) will be a lighter weight system of systems and blast effects will have a greater impact then ever before. Techniques are currently being developed to determine the blast damage that occurs to a vehicle's structure. This damage will be in the form of permanent deformations, panel delamination, or complete panel failure. A stand alone module that can determine the vehicle damage effects and/or residual capabilities of the vehicle due to the blast damage is needed to complete the overall MUVES-S2 modeling suite.

PHASE I: (1)The contractor shall design and develop the methodology/tool to determine the vehicle damage and/or residual vehicle capabilities as it relates to structural damage induced by a conventional blast environment. The proposed methodology shall consider advanced lightweight materials.
(2)The contractor shall demonstrate a preliminary version of this new method through the use of test cases and demonstrate how it can be linked to other computer codes like the MUVES S-2 computer code. Detailed knowledge of the MUVES S-2 code is not required in this Phase of the effort and this linkage should only be considered as a minor part of the overall effort.

PHASE II: The contractor shall extend the Phase I methodology to the full capability of a productive tool for blast analysis. The tool shall be capable of relating structural damage (like panel failure) to the residual vehicle damage and capabilities. The new tool shall be a complete software package that meets the requirements set forth in Phase I, and shall interface with the MUVES S2 Computer code.  Detailed knowledge of the MUVES S-2 code is not required, and all input requirements will be provided.

PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATION: The creation of this tool will have a broad range of commercial applications. Not only will it directly impact to blast/shock modeling capabilities, it will also be applicable to civilian defense issues.

OPERATING AND SUPPORT COST REDUCTION (OSCR): Development of such a tool will greatly enhance the overall survivability analysis process. This increased capability will have great impacts upon the operation of equipment on the battlefield, and its survivability levels.

REFERENCES:    
(1) Fault Tree Analysis and Extensions of the V/L Process Structure, ARL-TR-149, Lisa K. Roach, 1993.
(2) Current Directions in the Vulnerability/Lethality Process Structure, ARL-TR-296, Walbert, Roach, and Burdeshaw, 1993.
(3) The New Degraded States Vulnerability Methodology (DSVM): A Change in Philosophy and Approach,ARL-TR-1223, Lisa K. Roach, 1996.

---> KEYWORDS: blast, shock, survivability analysis, MUVES S2, residual capabilities


A04-043               TITLE: Manpower and Personnel Estimation Methods for Post-Deployment Software Maintenance

TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Information Systems, Human Systems

ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PM-MAS

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to develop methods and tools to facilitate the definition of post-deployment software support staff selection, staffing level, and training requirements for emerging weapon systems. In formulating these requirements, the resulting methods and tools should help planners determine the sensitivity of such requirements to changes in maintenance doctrine, changes in the external environment (e.g., changes in user requirements, hardware change), changes in maintenance-related process design, and variations in human performance to determine their effects on both maintenance and operational unit performance (e.g., go-to-war capability, availability).

DESCRIPTION: Previously taken for granted, software is now recognized as the highest risk system component in virtually every major defense acquisition. The ultimate success or failure of the doctrine of information dominance depends, to a large extent, on the a well-designed and executed software sustainment capability. The magnitude of this problem is evidenced, in part, by the growth of software as a part of the overall weapon systems acquisition enterprise. When the C-17 development program began in 1985, the Government planned the development of 4 subsystems with about 164,000 lines-of-code. By 1990, this number had increased to 56 subsystems and about 1,356,000 lines-of-code, including approximately 643,000 newly developed lines-of-code.

Software modifications for F-16 avionics, mission planning, or automatic test equipment for all U.S. and foreign military sales aircraft is approximately one million lines-of-code per year. The Army’s Future Combat System (FCS) will be a networked system in which every piece of equipment on the battlefield, from tank to drone, is connected by about 33 million lines of software code. Today, software maintenance costs account for somewhere between 50% and 80% of the overall software life cycle costs. In the face of such trends, the magnitude and importance of a well-designed software sustainment strategy is critical to future force operations. Yet, decision-makers today have very limited analysis and decision support capability to identify and make effective tradeoff decisions.

PHASE I: Conduct research to identify key factors affecting post-deployment software support needs. Develop a preliminary methodology for defining the necessary support processes, required skills and staffing levels, training needs, metrics, and anticipated service levels for a notional or real post-deployment software support scenario.

PHASE II: Conduct additional research to expand post-deployment software support scenario(s) developed under phase I effort. Develop requirements and preliminary design for the tools needed to support the methodology. Develop pre-production prototype system for post-deployment software support needs analysis. Apply the developed methods and tools to a real-world context.

PHASE III: Significant public and private sector commercialization opportunities exist today for technologies of this kind and will likely grow as software becomes an increasingly integral part of military and commercial systems and products. The envisioned technology will enable software supportability analysis early in the system design process together with the other “-ilities” involved in multidisciplinary design. Military and civilian applications include sustainment planning, life cycle cost estimation, manpower planning, and training requirements definition.

REFERENCES:
1) Hinton, Henry L., Best Practices: Successful Application to Weapon Acquisitions Requires, Changes in DOD’s Environment, GAO/NSIAD-98-56, National Security and International Affairs Division, United States General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C. 20548, March 24, 1998.
2) Merle, Renae, “Boeing Wins Contract for Army Modernization,” Washington Post, May 16, 2003; page E01.
3) Acquisition and Management of Software-Intensive Systems: Weapon Systems Command and Control Systems Management Information Systems, Version 3.0, May 2000, Department of the Air Force, Software Technology Support Center (STSC).

---> KEYWORDS: Software, Maintenance, Logistics, Modeling, Simulation


A04-044                              TITLE: Flexible Transparent Conducting Films

TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Materials/Processes

ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PM-MAS

OBJECTIVE: Design and synthesis of a family of flexible, optically transparent conducting films.

DESCRIPTION: The objective of this solicitation is to develop a family of novel flexible optically transparent conducting films. The research will build upon organic and inorganic based conductor technologies. Organic (polymer) low bandgap semiconductors should be used as a component because of their desirable physical characteristics, they tend to be flexible. Unfortunately, organic semiconductors are highly colored and not pure conductors, by definition. Inorganic conductions should be used because of the ability to selectively control the resistance and optical properties of these materials. Inorganic conductors, alone are brittle and incapable of forming flexible systems. Therefore, this research will focus on the development of organic and inorganic materials as well as inorganic/organic hybrid conducting films. The synthesized films will be optically transparent and flexible. The films will demonstrate no fluctuation in resistance during or after flexure.

Neither pure inorganic nor pure organic semiconductors may be adequate solutions to the stated objective of this solicitation. However, a film composed of a combination of inorganic conductors and organic semiconductors may be a logical solution. Proposals will be sought for material solutions based on organic or inorganic materials as well as hybrid organic/inorganic materials. The Army and other technological based entities would benefit from the development of flexible optically transparent conductive films which would be applicable for use in flexible displays, robust EMI shields and robust circuitry components for navigational systems, weapons systems, engine components, etc. Fiber forms of the films could be used for displays and as transparent wiring.

The US Army has a Flexible Display Initiative that is establishing a university-led Center to integrate the critical flexible display technologies with industrial and academic partners.  All flexible display technologies have as one of the critical elements an electro-optic imaging devices that requires a transparent conductor.  This represents one such application for the technology described in this SBIR solicitation.

PHASE I: The contactor shall, based on a previously completed survey of literature, design and synthesize novel inorganic/organic hybrid flexible optically transparent conducting films. Resistance, optical, and mechanical data will be reported for the candidate films.  A 4-inch by 4-inch specimen of each candidate film will be delivered to the U.S. Army research Laboratory POC for further evaluation.

PHASE II: Based on the knowledge base gained in PHASE I, the contractor shall improve upon the synthesis of the selected candidate films and down select based on MIL-STD-810E.  The contractor shall investigate and propose the beneficial placement of these films in existing and future Army hardware systems.  Of particular interest, are applications of the developed films in flexible displays and in adaptable electronic devices. 

PHASE III: The successful development of flexible optically transparent conducting materials will have applications in nearly any industry. Optically transparent flexible conductors are critical to the commercial and military success of flexible displays, particularly for top emitting and reflecting active matrix displays. The PHASE III effort will include flexible transparent conductive films on standard flexible substrates as well as commercial materials for transparent, flexible conductors to be deposited onto electronic devices.

REFERENCES:
1) See, for example, commercial products that require flexible, transparent conductive coatings, and specifications required for such products available from http://www.bsf.com.
2) Granqvist, C. G. Handbook of Inorganic Electrochromic Materials. Elsevier Science; Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 1995, Second Impression 2002.
3) “POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE) – Conductive Coatings, technical Applications and Properties” F. Jonas, W. Krafft, B. Muys Macromolecular Symposia 100: 169-173 OCT 1995.

---> KEYWORDS: ITO, optically transparent film, inorganic/organic hybrid, conducting film, flexible, adaptable


A04-045                              TITLE: Advanced Ultra Broad Band Direct Conversion Digital Receiver

TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Information Systems, Sensors, Electronics

ACQUISITION PROGRAM: Henry Girolamo, Natick Soldier Systems OFW Displays POC

OBJECTIVE: Research and develop an advanced ultra broadband, direct conversion, digital receiver.

DESCRIPTION: A direct conversion ultra broadband digital receiver with tightly coupled massively parallel signal processing is required to overcome the inherent limitations in current state of the art surveillance receivers.Background: Typical current state-of-the-art surveillance receivers employ hybrid architecture designs with an analog heterodyne receiver front end followed by a digitizer and digital signal processing to demodulate a limited set of selected signals of interest. For surveillance applications, these hybrid architectures suffer from limited probability of intercept, poor frequency resolution, spurious signals from analog mixer products, insufficient dynamic range, and an inability to collect and analyze a massive set of simultaneous signals in near real time.Research and Development Goals: The proposed digital receiver should be capable of measuring intended and unintended spectral emissions of electronic equipment in a very dense, noisy signal environment.  These emissions, particularly the unintended emissions, are typically very low in amplitude and can number in the hundreds. The receiver architecture should employ direct digital sampling and Fast Fourier Transform techniques to achieve near real time processing of massive data sets. The receiver architecture should utilize a modular, expandable design approach allowing receiver subsystems to be upgraded as advances in signal conversion and massively parallel digital signal processing become available. A key design goal for the proposed receiver is the ability to capture and process power spectral density data over an instantaneous signal band of 10 MHz to 1 GHz.  The proposed receiver should be capable of resolving signals with frequencies differing by 0.1 Hz as a design goal. Receiver designs incapable of resolving signals closer than 75 Hz in frequency will be considered non-responsive to topic requirements.Another key design goal for the proposed receiver is a spurious-free dynamic range of 70 dB or more.  Extra consideration will be given to receiver designs with higher spurious-free dynamic ranges.  Designs with a spurious-free dynamic range of less than 45 dB will be considered non-responsive to topic requirements.The receiver should output a digital record of scaled Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the input signal referenced to 1 mW (0 dBm). The RF input should accept bipolar input signals into a 50 ohm SMA connector with programmable input ranges of +/- 10mV, +/- 20.0mV, +/- 50mV, +/-100mV, +/-200mV, +/- 500mV and +/- 1000mV. Extra consideration will be given to designs incorporating innovative techniques for rapid analysis and transmission of received data to Personal Computers or Workstations for further post processing. The proposed receiver should be man portable and mountable in a standard 19 inch rack with a weight less than 80 lbs. The receiver should operate over an ambient temperature range of 0 to +50 C. Prime power available to the receiver is standard 115VAC, 60Hz.

PHASE I: Conceptualize and design the proposed receiver system with the potential of realizing the goals in the description above. Develop technical specifications for all system components and identify them as commercially available or to be developed. Model and predict the performance of the proposed system, identifying critical components to be developed. Conduct detailed theoretical and/or laboratory investigations on the design and performance of critical components to demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed system design, including mitigation of risks associated with factors limiting system performance. Deliver a report documenting the research and development effort along with a description of the proposed system and specifications for system components.

PHASE II: Building on the results of Phase I design, fabricate the system proposed in Phase I. Characterize and refine the system performance with the intent of making considerable progress to the accomplishment of the goals stated in the description above. A highly successful Phase II would deliver a prototype system along with a report documenting the system theory, design, component specifications, performance characterization and recommendations for system performance.

PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: The proposed research and development effort has wide commercial application to digital signal processing functions in military and commercial applications. This R&D effort will yield advancements in the ability to digitally process data on smaller, more efficient machines.Military applications include digital signal processing engines useful to radar receivers, SONAR, surveillance systems, communication systems and image processing. Commercial applications include the commercial counterparts of the military systems and medical imaging. A digital signal processor engine capable of operating on extremely large data sets might also find application in the area of applied mathematics, astronomy and the geosciences.

REFERENCES:
1) Rockmore, Daniel N., “The FFT – an algorithm the whole family can use”, Departments of Mathematics and Computer Science, Dartmouth College, http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~rockmore/cse-fft.pdf, October 11, 1999.
2) Press, W. H., Falnnery, B. P., Teukolsky, S. A., Vettering, W. T., “Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing”, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1988.
3) Tsui, James B., “Microwave Receivers and Related Components”, Peninsula Publishing, Los Altos, California, 1985.
---> KEYWORDS: Digital receiver, broadband spectral measurement, digital signal processing, high speed A/D conversion, surveillance receiverComments


A04-046                              TITLE: Development of Long Ceramic Tubes for Gun Barrel Applications

TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Materials/Processes, Weapons

ACQUISITION PROGRAM: Henry Girolamo, Natick Soldier Systems OFW Displays POC

OBJECTIVE: Solve the Army’s need for long (2 meters or longer) monolithic Si3N4-based ceramic tubes for use as a liner in gun barrel systems.

DESCRIPTION:  The metal gun barrels currently used by the Army for a variety of systems have a short lifecycle and cannot handle many of the higher energy propellants being developed.  It is anticipated that ceramic gun barrel liners will; 1) provide a 50% increase in barrel life with sustained accuracy for direct and indirect fire; 2) enable a 20% increase in muzzle kinetic energy for direct fire, and 3) provide a 5-25% weight reduction (per unit length of barrel) owing to the combination of superior wear resistance, high temperature capability, and relatively low density that are inherent to ceramic materials.  The development of a ceramic gun barrel will reduced maintenance costs while serving as an enabling technology for the use of higher energy propellants.  An optimized ceramic gun barrel design should be capable of producing significantly higher lethality than current direct fire weapons.  Initial investigations of ceramics for gun barrel applications indicate that this potential can be realized.  However, current ceramic manufacturing technologies limit the length of a tube that can be produced with the dimensional tolerances (outer and inner diameter tolerances of ± 0.15mm) required for gun barrel applications.  Ceramic tubes with a variety of inner and outer diameter combinations can readily be made in lengths up to 200mm but at longer lengths minimizing bowing and maintaining dimensional integrity become issues.

PHASE I:  Study and demonstrate the feasibility of a procedure to produce a long, near-net shape monolithic ceramic tube for use as a ceramic gun barrel liner.  The Army’s early results indicate the best performance can be achieved with ceramic made from the silicon nitride family of materials with a density of > 98% of theoretical.  Although, alternate proposed materials could be considered.  The desired process must be able to produce liners meeting the following typical requirements: The tube must have a 33mm outer diameter (OD) and a 24 mm inner diameter (ID) with a tolerance of +/- 0.15mm for both dimensions.  The proposer would be expected to report and if successful demonstrate a process for making a 500mm long tube without bowing and with dimensional integrity over the entire length of the tube. 

PHASE II:  Building on the successful results of Phase I, improve the procedure for manufacturing near-net shape ceramic tubes for use in a medium caliber gun system.  A goal of this program is the ability of the process to create tubes with the same OD and ID combination from Phase I but with longer lengths.  Ideally the first year of the Phase II effort will focus on the fabrication of tube lengths up to 1 meter and progress towards 2 meter long tubes during the second year.  Qualify and quantify the performance of the tube by generating mechanical and thermal property data using standardized procedures applicable to current gun barrel systems.  Perform a cost analysis assessment for future production.  Reasonable performance related goals expected to be achieved by the proposer related to the execution of this project are the demonstration of the selected ceramic tube production process thrugh the generation and delivery of three prototype ceramic tubes, each 1m long.  These tubes will be delivered to the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) for evaluation.  Similarly, a successful second year of this Phase II effort could be expected to demonstrate and deliver three additional prototype ceramic tubes, each 2m long, to ARL, for evaluation. 

PHASE III: Ultimately, the procedures developed, during the performance of this SBIR for manufacturing long length ceramic tubes will then be scaled and applied to other caliber gun systems such as the 5.56mm, 7.62mm, 50 cal, 120mm, and 155mm.  This development could change the state-of-the-art for the military gun barrel technology as we know it, with tremendous savings realized by the Army because of increased accuracy/lethality and longer lifecycle.

DUAL USE APPLICATIONS:  The successful development of a rifled ceramic gun barrel would have wide reaching applications to other caliber gun systems.  Law enforcement, homeland defense and other security agencies could greatly benefit and save lives through the application of the potential of this technology.

REFERENCES:
1)“A Selective History of Gun Barrel Liner Materials Development,” J.J. Stiglich, p39 in the Proceedings of the Sagamore Workshop on Gun Barrel Wear and Erosion, 29-31 July 1996.
2)“Ceramic Gun Barrel Liners:  Retrospect and Prospect,” R.N. Katz, p67 in the Proceedings of the Sagamore Workshop on Gun Barrel Wear and Erosion, 29-31 July 1996.

---> KEYWORDS: Ceramic tubes, Ceramic Processing, Gun Barrel Liners, Silicon Nitride Ceramics


A04-047                              TITLE: Graphical/Visual Multiscale Model Builder & Data Structure

TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Materials/Processes, Electronics

ACQUISITION PROGRAM: Henry Girolamo, Natick Soldier Systems OFW Displays POC

OBJECTIVE:  Develop a robust multiplatform visualization suite and data structure for depicting multiscale data sets to enable advanced modeling capability of state-of-the-art physics solvers and realistic problem sets.  Particular emphasis should be on enabling accurate data structures that combine atomic datapoints with structured or unstructured numerical grids and meshes for general 2D and 3D applications.

DESCRIPTION:  A severe limitation in research and development of modeling methods for nanotechnology is no longer in the theory alone, but in the interface between user and software.  Modeling of complex crystal lattices, unstructured finite element grids, and the necessary features possessed by both to make their juxtaposition an interesting problem often takes substantially more time than the solutions of the problems themselves [1-3].  It is not uncommon to require hundreds of man hours developing even the simplest test problems, limiting both production-level simulation cycles as well as basic code development.  The software tools in the respective areas of crystal/molecule building and unstructured mesh generation are available and independently robust for both 2D and 3D applications.  However, it is still unclear what information needs to be preserved/extracted from these technologies and how they are to be modeled together at the interface.  Adding to the complications are different considerations in the underlying theory that may have a direct affect on the model building process that must still be accounted for to have a truly general model builder and accompanying data structure[1,3].  For example, model variables for statics and dynamics problems may differ significantly, varying levels of modeling theory for the chemical species may require vastly different data structures, and each modeling technique for handling the atom-to-continuum transition region may use a different set of assumptions, e.g., fictitious atoms, varying cut-off radii, hybrid elements, and the like.  Successful proposals will develop a interactive graphical tool that strikes a rigorous balance among computational areas involving materials science, physics & chemistry, and mechanics.  Proposed tools and modeling data structures must encompass levels of theory spanning, in the least, molecular mechanics and continuum mechanics.  Ideally, however, a general tool will also include modeling capability for some in the following “wish list” (among many others): all-electron methods, pseudopotentials, planewaves, real space or k-space methods, tight-binding, molecular dynamics, molecular statics, temperatures and/or thermodynamics, surfaces, crystals, crystal defects, molecular systems, finite elements, finite differences, finite volumes, boundary integrals, meshless/meshfree, continuum dynamics, and continuum statics.  Each level of theory proposed for a data structure must also be accompanied by methods to visual the data for pre- and/or post-processing.

PHASE I:  Survey and documentation of data structures for  stove-pipe/legacy methods, identification of key variables and data types, identification of popular existing codes.  Survey and documentation of data structures for multiscale-multiphysics methods, identification of key variables and data types, identification of popular existing codes.

PHASE II:  Develop novel universal data structure.  Develop Interactive Graphical User Interface for building models for select multiscale-multiphysics codes with documentation and user manual.

Phase III:  This final phase of the effort involves commercialization of all or parts of the final package. This should generate interest from any organization that does even modest amounts of software development.

REFERENCES:
1) Chung, P. W. and Namburu, R. R., International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 40, (2003) 2563--2588.
2) Tadmor, E. B., Ortiz, M., and Phillips, R., Philosophical Magazine A, vol. 73, (1996) 1529--1563.
3) Shenoy, V. B., Miller, R., Tadmor, E. B., Rodney, D., Phillips, R., and Ortiz, M., Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol. 47, (1999) 611--642.

---> KEYWORDS: Graphical/Visual Multiscale Model Builder, data structure


A04-048                              TITLE: InGaN Channel HEMTs for High-Frequency, High-Power Electronics

TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Materials/Processes, Electronics

ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PEO Air and Missile Defense

OBJECTIVE: The US Army Research Lab is interested in innovative approaches to creating radio frequency (RF) devices that take advantage of the added capabilities of indium containing ternary and quaternary group III-nitride semiconductors. These devices are needed for advanced communication, radar, passive imaging, and remote sensing instruments that extend frequency and bandwidth requirements to 300 gigahertz (GHz) and beyond. Previously demonstrated impressive results of gallium nitride (GaN) based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) include 600 V breakdown, 3.3 mOhm-cm2 on-state resistance, high density switched current of 850 A/cm2, power densities of 6.7 W/mm at 18 GHz, 2.1 A/mm pulsed current densities and maximum oscillating frequency of 162 GHz. However, greater performance is desired as well as a repeatable manufacturing process.

DESCRIPTION: There are two major reasons to move from the ternary aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) to the aluminum indium gallium nitride (AlInGaN) system. First, for further improvements the aluminum molar content in AlGaN should be increased for higher band offsets and higher polarization charges leading to higher current handling capability. Doing so however, leads to uncontrolled local strain relaxation at the heterointerface via generation of misfit dislocations and cracks that ultimately show up as noise and degraded carrier transport in processed devices. However, by introducing indium, the quarternary AlInGaN gives one independent control of both lattice mismatch and band offset. Second, AlGaN HEMTs demonstrate RF large signal current collapse and RF power slump due to sluggish channel control after pinchoff. These dispersion effects are undesirable since elaborate feedback and control circuits are needed to maintain the device characteristics as what the circuit was originally designed for. The double heterostructure design of an indium gallium nitride (InGaN)-channel structure allows one to counteract channel charges with delta doping techniques.

The proposed effort should commercialize AlInGaN HEMTs with advanced designs, surface passivation techniques, field termination techniques, material growth techniques, and doping techniques. This effort must demonstrate devices that give military systems a capability much greater than AlGaN/GaN HEMTs would offer.

PHASE I: Develop techniques to grow, dope and passivate excellent quality AlInGaN/GaN/AlGaN heterostructures with the required impurity doping profiles for high performance HEMTs.

PHASE II: Optimize the AlInGaN structures and integrate them with AlInGaN monolithic microwave integrated circuits.

PHASE II DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Development of these types of devices and AlInGaN material growth techniques are very important for a variety of dual use civilian applications such as wireless internet access, communication, pollution and biohazard detection, and medical analysis.

OPERATING AND SUPPORT COST (OSCR) REDUCTION: Military costs will be reduced by replacing current electronics with smaller lower power circuits that would run on smaller and lighter batteries and the reduction or elimination of bulky cooling systems. Also, multiple systems could be replaced with a single system that would give greater capabilities in situational awareness, communication, or electronic warfare.

REFERENCES:
1) E. Kohn, I. Daumiller, M. Kunze, M. Neuburger, M. Seyboth, T. J. Jenkins, J. S. Sewell, J. Van Norstand, Y. Smorchkova, and U. K. Mishra, “Transient Characteristics of GaN-Based Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques., vol. 51, p. 634, 2003
2) M. A. Khan,, J. W. Yang, G. Simin, R. Gaska, M. S Shur, H-C zur Loye, G. Tamulatis, A. Zukauskas, D. J. Smith, D. Chandrasekhar, and R. Bickness-Tassius, “Lattice and Energy Band Engineering in AlInGaN/GaN heterostructures,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 76, p. 1161, 2000.

---> KEYWORDS: AlInGaN, RF Devices